Only a 1 pallet minimum order. As a top-quality NTEP bermuda grass, Latitude 36 offers high traffic tolerance, excellent tensile strength and has a finer texture than NorthBridge Bermudagrass. Zoysia, specifically El Toro dominates the fine turf market here. 99. In drought conditions, Tahoma 31 can survive up to 2-3 months without water and will green up when the water. Location. Compared to its other ultra-dwarf counterparts, TifEagle ® for Greens hybrid bermudagrass has improved health, quality, and playability. Consult the product label to determine the aperture setting for your mechanical spreader if using one. This old reserve expression has been allowed. com have the how-to guides you need to get started on your outdoors projects; We’re also available by calling 1-888-360. View All Sod Types. When cut at ¾ to 1 ½ inches, 419 provides an excellent impact-absorbing cushion. Quality not quantity. $16. I tried Roundup for Lawns last night in some areas but it's to soon to see results. One reason for this is that grass is considered to be safer for players, as it is softer and has less give than artificial turf. We recommend hiring professionals to take care of liming your lawn. Also, if you're filling in a truly bare spot and the soil has turned to hardpan, moisture swings will be greater. Specially engineered varieties, such as TifTuf Bermuda and TifGrand ® Bermuda offer additional strength and beauty. This disease can hit its peak when temperatures at night begin to linger between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit in the early months of the summer season. Unlike other turfgrasses, the lower TifGrand's mowing height in the shade, the more its shade tolerance is increased. This. 5. Texture. Mine faired well. Because you are buying your product straight from the farm, you will be keeping your price low, sod fresh, delivery fast, and supporting a local business. Known for its dark green color and fine leaf blades, it’s a natural choice for playing surfaces across the nation. It's a great grass in my opinion. Tifgrand is going to be a much darker green and the low mow champ of the 2 varieties, I think they are equally shade tolerant. Tall fescue is a common type of turf. With current rolls and humps cutting at 0. The Turfgrass Group is the premier source for exclusive turfgrass cultivars at the cutting edge of turfgrass technology and engineering. This water conservative warm season grass becomes dormant in the winter and may develop some thatch. NG Turf harvests this hardy variety all year long. No complaints here. Leak says he has noticed an increase in wear tolerance with the TifGrand over the old 419 field. The article also describes the re-sodding process following the annual AESA-ONE soccer festival, which features 40 semi. All of these varieties are hybrid bermuda grass, meaning two species with desirable traits are bred to create a high-quality grass. (1) Fertilization Needs– Each turfgrass variety has its own specific fertilization requirements to maintain color, density, and overall health. It is also a popular option for residential and commercial property owners because it can withstand about 50% shade. Fresh Cut Sod for Our Unique Arizona Desert ClimateBright pink petals and dark purple stems: a pairing that keeps things interesting. Their instructions were to make sure area was clean and have some good compost on top. Super-Sod of Charlotte. Tifway. This will slow its growth and allow you to prepare for overseeding more quickly. Thanks for the welcome. However, the "table 5" and I tried to copy in below and then the discussion paragraph of the study clearly state, "The most consistent performing. Takeaways. Here’s how it works: Root Development: When you water deeply, the moisture penetrates the soil and encourages the roots to reach down in search of water. NG Turf offers the premier full service Tifgrand Bermuda Sod experience in the area, and that includes delivery to Hartwell, GA. The official source for Bermuda. Learn more about our history. Tifway 419 springs up pretty fast too and revitalizes almost as fast as TifTuf Bermuda grass. Kris Braman and the University of Georgia’s turfgrass breeding program. Tiflawn – This variety, specially developed for lawns, has a perfect medium green color and medium wide leaf texture. 5" is unsightly in some areas. The NDFD contains a mosaic of digital forecasts from NWS field offices. Save more with Subscribe & Save. While many lawn and garden centers have started carrying TifGrand, availability may vary depending on your location. We found evidence that TifTuf™ used less water than Tifway419 and TifSport. If webworms are present, the soap solution will force the caterpillars to the surface of the lawn. Princess 77 Bermuda Grass. The new cultivar — brand named TifGrand — is a Bermudagrass hybrid developed by Wayne Hanna and Kris Braman of the UGA’s turfgrass breeding program. Best drought. Just regular mowing. TifGrand ® Bermuda offers superior quality in full sun, along with moderate shade tolerance. It is vigorous growing and has improved shade tolerance. Apply weed control products that are specifically. 1st 2 pix show what's happening. Movingshrub. Welp, it's about that time of year where the lawn will begin to transition from PRG to Tifgrand. 50" or lower. Best for shade, but excellent in sun as well. 864-757-4478. After two decades of rigorous testing, TifTuf. Studies wereTifGrand vs. Bladerunner Farms 888-717-4455 might have theirs ready this year. Zeon Zoysiagrass is a luxurious and resilient turf grass ideal for use in the "sunbelt" areas of the country and stretches further into the northeast region that many other warm-climate varietals! Please see the map for further detail. There’s nothing like a gorgeous green lawn – the fresh scent, the plush texture, and of course, the beauty that’s the talk of the neighborhood. TifGrand Bermuda offers superior quality in full sun, along with moderate shade tolerance. This type of sod is one of our best performers when it comes to growth when exposed to shady conditions. , Jessica and. NG Turf has been great to work with. 3. Tifway™ Bermuda Hybrid Grass. Today, backed by more than 100 years of research, there are new grasses that use less water, can be mowed shorter and can tolerate traffic, disease and insect pressure far better. TifGrand was bred to withstand multiple environmental stresses such as shade and heavy traffic. of Fort Valley, Georgia. TifTuf. TifGrand is darker green than Tifway. ‘Latitude 36’, ‘TifGrand’, ‘Tifway’, ‘Astro’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Celebration’ were in the group of top performers. It's also shade tolerant. Can Flourish in Many Different Environments. 5″ higher in hot weather. Learning all. com and The Weather ChannelRebel Supreme Fescue, a cool season grass, maintains its lush green color year round. Dr. Currently, NG Turf grows multiple varieties of fresh, luxury sod hand selected for excellent performance throughout the southeast,. " It is now available throughout the US and we have it too. Top 5 Weed and Feed For Bermuda Grass Review. TifGrand is darker green. Water 3 to 4 times daily to keep the seed and soil surface moist. TifGrand™ is a dense, semi-dwarf Bermudagrass with thin, dark green blades. com and The Weather ChannelRebel Supreme Fescue, a cool season grass, maintains its lush green color year round. It is easy to maintain with a rotary mower and requires less nitrogen than other grasses. $169. Tahoma 31 derives its name from the Native American, Tahoma, which means frozen water. Find Bermuda sod at Lowe's today. Bermudagrass may struggle in moderate to dense shade, so you should consider species such as St. It bears a resemblance to that of Tifway because of the leaf texture. If you plan to rotary cut, and keep it higher for traffic, dogs, etc then i would think TifTuf is an option. TifTuf’s growth allows for faster establishment and quicker recovery. It has a high traffic tolerance, making it a great option for busy yards. Arizona was a testing location throughout the development process of TifGrand bermudagrass and Evergreen Turf is confident this new sod variety will be a great choice for Arizona residents. GN-1 – Aggressive lateral growth from this variety makes it one of the best Bermudas to ‘bounce back. DT-1 was further tested in 19 drought-stresstrials,twotraffic-stresstrials,andfourYes, some varieties of Bermudagrass, such as “Tifway 419” and “Celebration,” have better cold tolerance and may perform better during winter dormancy in regions with colder climates. Premium Quality SodDirect From the Farm. Low maintenance. 5. Granted the Tifgrand was from a big outfit (SuperSod) and the Celebration was from a local turf farm. Founded in 1985 in Whitesburg, Georgia, NG Turf is a premier grower and supplier of sod serving the needs of landscapers, golf course developers and superintendents, athletic field managers. Check out a few of Latitude 36’s supporting research documents below. Get a DLI meter, measure the amount of light once the trees leaf out. We deliver and install. There are many hybrid Bermudagrass varieties that are popular in Phoenix. The customer support is always friendly and responsive, complete with site visitations. Tiftuf will likely blend color wise. 400” Rough: Latitude 36 bermudagrass 2” Additional Notes • Course hosted the 2022 Match with Tiger Woods, Rory McIlroy, Justin Thomas and Jordan Spieth. Because of its naturally dense growth, Tif-There, Hawaiian Turfgrass grows five types of grass: El Toro, Captiva® St. Apart from its shade-tolerant qualities, TifGrand Bermuda. Appearance and Growth Habit. More recently he has released purplish/red ornamental Pennisetum hybrids (Prince, Princess, Princess Caroline, Princess Molly, Vertigo, First Knight, Tift 11, Tift 15, Tift 26, Tift 40 and Tift. Bermudagrass is dark green in color and grows to a maximum of about two inches in height. Apply between 2 and 4 pounds of nitrogen per 1000 square feet annually, during the growing season. A semi-dwarf Bermuda grass, TifGrand® is naturally darker green and. Seeding and. 250” Approaches: TifGrand bermuda . 5", every 5-7 days. #2 · Apr 20, 2020. TifGrand is “off the charts in terms of texture, density, color and traffic wear,” according to Tony Mancuso, CGCS, superintendent at Cherokee Towne and Country Club in Atlanta. Tiftuf, tifgrand, and celebration are shade tolerant versions of Bermuda. It is the breed to select when you want to grow grass in the shade. It features a dark green color and medium blade. Studies have shown that the thinner the leaf, the more shade-tolerant a plant is – and Tifgrand has some of the thinnest leaves of any Bermuda grass. A recent poll found that 72% of players. Both TifTuf and TifGrand Bermudas offer early spring green-up and late color retention in fall, staying green for more of the year than other Bermudas. . *If your project is mostly straight. 5” to 1”. Tifway. Is it available now? A: The University of Georgia developed TifGrand. The blades are not as fine as TifGrand™. 50" or lower. Color and density are very good on Tifgrand with 1/4 the fertilizer. TifGrand certified bermudagrass was scientifically developed to thrive in 60-70 percent continuous shade, according to the companty. It’s a natural choice for natural playing surfaces across the country due to its fine leaf blades and dark green color. There are many hybrid Bermudagrass varieties that are popular in Phoenix. If you are having shade issues that are killing off your Bermuda you might look into the Celebration Bermuda or Zoysia grass. Check out a few of Latitude 36’s supporting research documents below. Another great trait is its disease resistance. If you enjoy entertaining outside during Arizona’s mild winter or refreshing. Studies were TifGrand vs. • Bunker renovation was just. TifGrand TifSport % of Untreated Check Embark 40% 61% Primo + Embark 16% 4% Primo 32% 14% *Early Summer averages from 2009 and 2010 . A good rule of thumb is to wait at least two months after the last frost before planting. S. 4. Tifgrand Bermuda Bred to withstand up to 50% shade. The Summer Olympics may be in Japan this year, but Team USA was on home turf when they took the field for Friday’s opening ceremony. Heavily shaded environments often limit the performance and persistence of hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. On the other hand, Zenith Zoysia is more cold-tolerant and has a faster growth rate. of Fort Valley, Georgia. Through our alliances with the private sector and university breeding program, The Turfgrass Group licenses the production of one of the finest collections of superior “value-added” turfgrass varieties available in the world. S. Our varieties of turfgrass have also been internationally recognized based on reduction of environmental impact and hard science. TifTuf. Tifgrand will be the darkest green of the bunch and most shade tolerant of the bunch. It is known for its elite quality and texture. 400+ bought in past month. Appearance and Growth Habit. Needed to be mowed every 4-6 days. First and foremost I am going to attempt flattening the lawn as much as possible. Do not fertilize in spring before May 1 or until sod is 100% green. Maybe he meant '10. First, know the proper height for your turf variety. TifGrand ® Bermuda Zeon ® Zoysia Trinity ® Zoysia JaMur®Zoysia TifBlair® Centipede We’ve Got Superior Turfgrass Down to a Science Better Living Through Science People. Available overseeded with perennial ryegrass for winter installation jobs. 2010, andJune andSept. Consumer Reports has tested all types of mowers for mulching, bagging, ease of use, and maneuverability, and evaluated features that save you time and effort. $169. St. Scotts EZ Seed Patch and Repair Bermudagrass, 10 lb. The Turfgrass Group has scientifically perfected—and patented-- the best of these grass families: Bermuda, Zoysia and Centipede varietals. 99. Grass Seed Options: – Pennington Bermudagrass Bare Spot (5 lb. You may look into Tahoma 31 as well. TifGrand – Available Summer 2011 Evergreen Turf, Arizona’s premier sod producer, is the exclusive licensed seller of TifGrand bermudagrass in the Southwest. This disease can hit its peak when temperatures at night begin to linger between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit in the early months of the summer season. 300” Tees: 419 bermuda / Zeon zoysia . In the winter it gets. 5 to 5 hours of sun per day in your area, then TifGrand is for you. TifGrand® is the world’s first seed and pollen sterile (triploid hybrid) Bermudagrass scientifically developed to thrive in lower light environments, requiring as little as 5 hours of direct sun. Determine your turf needs. Con sus hojas finas, delgadas y verde oscuras, mantiene su uniforme densidad tanto en zonas con pleno sol hasta zonas con. Through our alliances with the private sector and university breeding program, The Turfgrass Group licenses the production of one of the finest collections of superior “value-added” turfgrass varieties available in the world. Due to the mowing height requirements of tall fescue its use is limited to lawns, parks, golf course roughs, and other areas that can be mowed at a height of 1. I had shade issues a few years ago (I've since removed trees), and in 2012 I replaced a portion of my back yard 419 with TifGrand. Easiest thing to take care of. For example, Tifway 419, TifSport, and TifGrand are all bermudagrass varieties that were developed in Tifton, Georgia or have parentage from Tifton cultivars. This fungus can affect almost any lawn in many parts of the country. Other popular varieties include Tifway, Tifgreen and TifGrand. Now with the development of TifGrand Bermuda, the world's first shade tolerant bermuda, I can use it with confidence. Repairs bare spots in two weeks or less. NG Turf is a family owned and operated business with more than 30 years of experience in the turfgrass industry. Launched in 1985 with just 25 acres of certified Bermudagrass in Whitesburg, Georgia, NG Turf has grown to include multiple farms throughout the state. ft. The objectives of this study were to characterize a typical response of these bermudagrass cultivars to varying rates of traffi c, establish fertility recommendations for each of the cultivars studied under high- and low-traffi c conditions, and determine the infl uence of fertility andcultivars Celebration, TifGrand, T11, and Hybrid1. TifGrand ® Bermudagrass is the stuff fields of dreams are made of. Hey, dwrecktor. Scotts Turf Builder Triple Action – Best Weed Killer For Bermuda Grass. For example, TifGrand Bermudagrass is a variety that makes for an excellent playing field – or an excellent home lawn. 5 inch) or two trinexapac-ethyl (TE) growth regulator management treatments (control and 2 oz/acre) allow either ‘TifSport’ or ‘TifGrand’ hybrid. . Blackjack is a very drought tolerant Bermuda grass as well as being bred for resistance to disease unlike many lessor. The grass is also Certified by the State of Hawaii, meaning that it is inspected on the sod farm site to ensure homeowners, sports field. Tuff if recovery time or stress tolerance is more important. El Toro is a common type of grass that landscapers and homeowners are likely familiar with. 13 reviews. 'Latitude 36' 'Latitude 36' is a relatively new hybrid cultivar developed at Oklahoma State University. Tough Enough for Professional Athletes—and Your Kids. TifGrand was released in 2010, and may be used in residential lawns, sports fields and. To help the newly established yard settle in I picked up and will be. What is best fertilizer for Bermuda grass? A high N-P-K ratio, little or no phosphorus, and a small amount of potassium are some of the qualities that make the bestfertilizer forBermuda grass. Enter the totals into the sod calculator to find the total square footage of your space. And they’re only available through our Certified. A TifTuf lawn only needs 1” – 2½” per week. Amazingly resilient plants with radiant double flowers. Had this posted elsewhere in this site and it was suggested to post in the warm lawn, perhaps to get more input. The TifGrand is awesome. 5″ higher in hot weather. 832. qualityandgreencolorlongerthantheothers when under drought stress. TifTuf Bermuda maintains 95% more green leaf tissue during drought stress. Ryegrass. That is in Hawaii, where our days are much shorter than in the Continental US. Collars: TifGrand bermudagrass . Happy Thanksgiving! We will close at 12:30 pm on Wednesday, November 22. The Bermudagrass Standard LEARN MORE Why Choose Celebration® Bermudagrass Celebration® is a deep blue-green bermudagrass variety that has finished best in numerous university research studies for wear tolerance and recovery, drought resistance and tolerance and bermudagrass shade tolerance. Choose to Mainly because I had a lot of tifway Bermuda mixed in and even though the celebration was taking over, I couldn't mow below . These findings were. Princess 77 is a newer, “high quality” fairway type certified bermudagrasses. Midiron is the best grass for Arizona lawns when it comes to transitioning in the winter. TifGrand® Certified Bermudagrass Technical DataPerformance. For best results, we recommend you contact your county extension agent for a soil test and create a fertilizer. Darker blue-green is Celebration, then tif419, and TifTuf is the lightest in color. Amerishade® St. And they’re only available through our Certified. Through our alliances with the private sector and university breeding program, The Turfgrass Group licenses the production of one of the finest collections of superior “value-added” turfgrass varieties available in the world. probasesteal wrote: That seems like a good price for TifGrand. Bright green color. 5" is unsightly in some areas. TifGrand Bermuda offers superior quality in full sun, along with moderate shade tolerance. Latitude 36 ® Bermudagrass Grass Plugs. Deep green, greens sooner and holds color longer than 419, and so dense you can't put your finger thru it to touch dirt. [Tifgrand] has the fine leaf quality of other popular turfgrasses but it maintains in shade and drought conditions and will cross multiple segments, including golf courses, sports fields. Here are a few you may encounter: Midiron. There are three large pine trees that provide some shade (which will be removed within a few weeks). Lawn mowers & tractors Buying Guide. TifGrand and Celebration are about the same in shade tolerance as centipede. 250” Fairways: Latitude bermudagrass . Install Sod like the Pros! Follow the steps in our DIY Guide. Winter dormancy in Bermudagrass is a crucial phase in the life cycle of this warm-season grass. TifGrand is darker green than Tifway. Weed and pest control. You may look into Tahoma 31 as well. Many of the cultivars commercially available today have been cooperatively released by the U. Emerald Dwarf provides a smooth putting surface that can. Zeon ® Zoysia. While these grasses thrive in the heat of summer and can provide excellent playing conditions. Consult the product label to determine the aperture setting for your mechanical spreader if using one. See full list on georgiacultivars. Demand Blue Tag NC Certified Sod. TifGrand (PP21017): This is a fine-textured bermudagrass (finer than Tifway) that better maintains its dark green colored leaf blades under reduced nitrogen programs than other bermudagrass varieties. As a featured element of a $2. If you don't want to loosen the soil, top dress lightly and water for shorter periods of time and more frequently. Choose to Mainly because I had a lot of tifway Bermuda mixed in and even though the celebration was taking over, I couldn't mow below . What is funny if you visit the tifgrand website they give you the information and the link to study saying tifgrand is the best shade tolerant at 8 weeks but celebration was better at 4 weeks. The more finely ground the lime, the quicker it will react in your soil. TifGrand®. To make sampling easier, one end of the pipe can ‘TifGrand’ is a relatively new, reportedly wear-, shade-, and drought-tolerant bermudagrass cultivar. Now that Ive regretfully waited to the warmest time of the year (110F), it is time to address my summer grass needs and wants. Ultradwarf bermudagrass is the primary turfgrass used on putting greens in the warmer regions of the U. “It has a really thick root system that’s right at the. New sod is not able to soak up much water at once, and too much water will cause root rot. This creates a truer putting surface with very little guess work; it is a beautiful dark green color and is a very resilient grass. TifTuf Bermuda. Hawaiian Turfgrass (808) 371-0527. It can be found at professional stadiums nationwide where athletes count on those beautiful greens! UGA’s TifSport and TifGrand, tough and durable bermudagrasses, were decades in the making. Let Hawaiian Turfgrass create a lawn to complement your Hawaiian lifestyle. These improved Bermuda grasses are superior to the seeded Bermudas and must be sodded. What is not disclosed is how fast it grows and how hard it is to mow. For more detailed information, check out our sod installation guide. When: Apply fertilizer in spring and late summer. TifGrand can tolerate up to 50% of shade under the right conditions of soil and sunlight. New sod installed over sandy loam will need to be watered at least seven times daily. Similar, but TifTuf, Tif419, and then Celebration. Altura de Corte: 0. We ship throughout Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Delivery to the local area included. Because you are buying your product straight from the farm, you will be keeping your price low, product fresh, delivery fast, and supporting. It can be found at professional stadiums nationwide where athletes count on those beautiful greens!TifGrand is also incredibly shade tolerant, which is key for a stadium like Japan’s with high walls of seating and roofing that could hinder grass growth on the field. Etiolation was a key factor in bermudagrass shade tolerance: cultivars with decreased etiolation (TifGrand and ‘TifSport’) resulted in superior quality. Takeaways. TifTuf ™ Bermuda is the newest “Tif” release from the world-renowned University of Georgia breeding program. Augustine, Zeon® Zoysia, TifGrand® Bermuda and SeaStar® Seashore Paspalum. TifGrand requires less nitrogen fertilizer to maintain its rich color and can be mowed below 0. 95. JaMur® Zoysia. This means TifGrand requires approximately five hours of direct sun. David Douget. Most people here till before sod. Regular store hours resume on Monday, November 27th, but you can place an order online anytime. “The divots in the. I've got a 26" Baroness mower. Longer blades also bounce back better from foot traffic. I would say if you have at least 4. The Japan National Stadium’s field was sodded with TifSport Bermudagrass, developed in South Georgia. TifGrand pigment concentration also increased with increasing shade levels. Welp, it's about that time of year where the lawn will begin to transition from PRG to Tifgrand. The TifGrand is currently in the early stages of growth at our farms and will not be available to the public until early fall. i. According to NTeP trials tiftuff would be the next most shade tolerant then celebration. TifGrand® Characteristics: Dark green color Fine leaf blade (dwarf classification) Thrives in 60% – 70% shade (5 hours direct sun) Both TifTuf and TifGrand Bermudas offer early spring green-up and late color retention in fall, staying green for more of the year than other Bermudas. The recommended mowing height of tall fescue is between 2-3″ and 0. By Adam Lawrence, September 3, 2014. The two shade tolerant bermudagrass varieties TifGrand (that I wrote about three years ago) and Celebration probably need about 6 hours of sun. To learn more about premium Bermuda varieties, contact our Certified Turfgrass Professionals at 770. com. The sod is always delivered exactly when we need it. ’. Bermuda grass is known for its resilience and vibrant appearance, making it a popular choice for lawns in various climates. 4. Seeds. Through our alliances with the private sector and university breeding program, The. Tifgreen Bermudagrass is a very dense, low-growing, fine-textured turf which produces lateral runners requiring concrete borders for containment. Founded by the Prescott family: Lourdes, Warren Sr. TifGrand Bermuda Grass. 2. It's absolutely gorgeous. Tifgrand, Tifway 419 & Bermudagrass Turfgrass. Both Grand and Tuff are shade tolerant to a degree. With current rolls and humps cutting at 0. TifGrand® is the world’s first seed and pollen sterile (triploid hybrid) Bermuda scientifically developed to thrive in 60–70º continuous shade. + It is a newer variety of bermuda that is known for its improved color and density. “Having a Bermudagrass that can tolerate shade is something those of. I agree about the shade tolerance though. Greens are MiniVerde and fairways are TifGrand grass. More importantly, the delivery was scheduled for 8am, Saturday and the driver showed up around 7:30ish. Appearance and Growth Habit. It’s just a very tough and drought. Darker blue-green is Celebration, then tif419, and TifTuf is the lightest in color. Can be installed when sod is dormant in the winter and/or actively growing in the summer - that means anytime! Can be mowed with a reel, rotary, or robotic lawn mower. Wayne Hanna and Dr. REW. TifGrand is specifically designed to grow in shaded areas (4+ hours of sun). It is a little thin in a couple of spots, but I'm hoping it'll fill in next year. The Most Drought Tolerant Zoysia. More than 15 years in the making, TifGrand can grow with less than half the sunlight required by other Bermudagrasses. Uses Less Fertilizer. The elements can be stressful to the toughest of grasses and no matter how good you are or how hard you try, its always going to be a challenge. Charles Harris. Use a fertilizer with a balanced blend of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Unroll the sod, stagger the sod grass rows, cover the gaps and curves, fill the seams, roll the sod with a lawn roller, water the sod, mow the sod and remove the extra sod.